网购环境下在线零售商的退货运费承担策略研究

在电子商务环境下，宽松的退货政策能够刺激需求，促进货品销量的增长，但与此同时也导致了退货量的增多。在面临高退货，特别是无缺陷退货不断攀升的挑战下，在线商家应如何制定合理的退货策略成为值得研究的一个问题。本文主要针对退货运费承担问题，重点比较消费者承担退货运费、商家承担退货运费、双方共同承担退货运费三种策略，探讨不同策略下在线零售商的最优定价及其盈利能力。研究结果表明：为实现利润最大化，在线零售商应根据商品的无缺陷退货比例特征选择相应的策略。具体而言，当商品的无缺陷退货比例较低时，宜采用消费者承担退货运费策略；当无缺陷退货比例高时，宜采用商家承担退货运费策略；当无缺陷退货比例居中时，宜采用共同承担退货运费策略。值得注意的是，退货政策的目的是为了刺激需求的增长，但有时退货政策对需求的促进作用不够理想，不能抵消退货的负面影响，那么这种情况下则无论无缺陷退货占比如何，在线零售商的最佳退货策略只能是让消费者承担退货运费，以此避免更多非理性退货行为的发生。     

企业财务危机预警双基点距离比值法

本文介绍了国内外主要企业财务危机预警模型,对模型的空间几何意义进行解释。提出了企业财务危机预警双基点距离比值模型,该模型采用非线性方法对危机企业与非危机企业的财务指标集合进行分割。用112例样本实证,预警识别率达到92.8%。     

未成年人相对负刑事责任范围的理性探求

《刑法》第17条第2款对未成年人相对负刑事责任范围的规定有若干含义不明之处,应该根据罪刑法定原则合法、合理地探求其应有的含义.该条款规定的八种犯罪应该理解为是指具体的罪名.在这八种犯罪中,"故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡"应该包括其他罪名的犯罪中包含或隐含有故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤、死亡结果的犯罪;"强奸罪"应该包括刑法分则其他条文中规定的"强奸"或"奸淫"行为;"抢劫罪"应当包括三种转化型的抢劫罪;"贩卖毒品罪"不包括走私、运输、制造毒品罪;"投毒罪"应当包括修正后的投放危险物质罪.不能将这法定的八种犯罪限定为"情节特别严重"的犯罪.该条款可以增设一些其他严重的犯罪.     

Personal Network Correlates and Predictors of Homelessness for Injection Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland

Injection drug users are at high risk for homelessness and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This study sought to examine incidence rates and the social and economic antecedents of homelessness of impoverished inner-city injection drug users. Of the 569 participants, from a nontreatment sample who participated HIV prevention study, interviewed at baseline, 324 (57%) were reinterviewed 5.2 months later. At baseline 48% of the participants reported that they had been homeless in the past 10 years. Of the 324, 18% reported that at both interviews they had been homeless within the prior 6 months, 12% reported homelessness at baseline but not at follow-up, and 8% reported homelessness at follow-up but not at baseline. At baseline personal social support network characteristic of size of material aid and size of sex network was found to be associated with self-reports of homelessness. Baseline reports of presence of mother in personal network, size of material aid network, and network density were found to be associated with reports of homelessness at follow-up. These result suggest the need for alternative approaches to addressing issues of homelessness injection drug users.     

Estimation of Stigmatized Characteristics of a Hidden Gang in a Finite Population

This paper considers the problem of estimating the size and mean value of a stigmatized quantitative character of a hidden gang in a finite population. The proposed method may be applied to solve domestic problems in a particular country or across countries: for example, a government may be interested in estimating the average income of victims or perpetrators of domestic violence. The proposed method is based on the technique introduced by Warner (1965) to estimate the proportion of a sensitive attribute in a finite population without threatening the privacy of the respondents. Expressions for the bias and variance of the proposed estimators are given, to a first order of approximation. Circumstances in which the method can be applied are studied and illustrated using a numerical example.     

论摄影艺术的主题及其表达手法

一幅摄影作品必须有一个主题。主题的好坏决定着摄影作品价值的高低。主题的表达还需要有一定的表现手法。本文比较详细地论述了一些基本的表现手法。这些手法是 :构图与布局 ;景物的尺寸比例 ;框架技术与会聚线 ;采光与选择主焦点。     

论孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想

文章首次从七个方面深入阐述了孙中山禁烟拒毒思想的主要内容,并对此进行了评析。笔者认为,孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想是时代的产物,符合中国的国情,更符合中华民族的根本利益。由于时代和阶级的局限性,孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想未能达到彻底根除鸦片流毒的目的,但这一思想却对当时中国及其以后的禁烟拒毒运动起了一定的推动作用,并为后来中国共产党彻底根除鸦片毒祸提供了可资借鉴的经验和教训。孙中山的禁烟拒毒思想及其与毒品作坚决斗争的精神,对我们当今的反毒品斗争仍具有启迪和鼓舞作用。     

《内蒙古工业大学学报》(自然科学版)五年载文分析(1994～1998)

本文对《内蒙古工业大学学报》（自然科学版）１９９４～１９９８ 年五年载文情况进行了统计分析．其中包括收稿及刊用率,稿源,分类,内容,篇幅,出版时滞,作者情况以及各类基金论文发表情况等．将其统计结果与文献〔１〕进行了比较,结果表明刊用率,出版时滞和文章篇幅均较上一个五年有所下降．     

固定pH滴定法测定弱酸性药物盐酸普鲁卡因

本文报道了一种水溶液中测定弱酸性药物的固定ｐＨ滴定法．它以弱酸在水溶液中各 种存在形式的分布系数与ｐＨ值的关系为理论依据,不要求滴定反应定量完成,是利用滴定到一定 ｐＨ值时滴定剂消耗体积与弱酸物质的量之间的正比关系进行定量分析,应用该法测定弱酸性药 物盐酸普鲁卡因,结果与药典一致,回收率在９９.６ ％～１００．３％,试液低至 ５×１０－４ｍｏＶＬ,也可用该 法准确测定．本法操作简便、快速、制剂中的赋形剂及有色物无干扰．     

PREDICT-1 (CNA106030): the first powered, prospective trial of pharmacogenetic screening to reduce drug adverse events

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) – the study of DNA variation in the human genome and the way this impacts the efficacy and safety of medicines – is becoming an increasingly important research tool as physicians, patients, regulatory authorities and payers look for innovative ways to improve the risk:benefit ratio of medicines. While scientific knowledge about PGx is rapidly increasing, implementation of PGx findings to patient care has yet to be fully achieved. One area where significant progress has been made is in the identification of PGx markers associated with variable response to antiretroviral medicines. For example, the major histocompatibility complex HLA‐B*5701 allele has been associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir (ABC) by several independent researchers. While PGx associations have been identified largely through retrospective examination, the clinical utility of these PGx markers in patient care has not been prospectively determined in a randomized study. This paper outlines the design of a study to evaluate the utility of prospective screening for HLA‐B*5701 to reduce the incidence of ABC hypersensitivity in an ABC‐naïve population of HIV‐infected subjects. This represents the first fully powered, randomized, blinded, prospective study to determine the clinical utility of PGx screening to reduce drug‐associated adverse events in any patient population. This type of trial design may have utility for other important medicines which have treatment‐limiting side effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.